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H.E. Sun Weidong
Chinese Ambassador to India
Twitter: @China_Amb_India
  Ambassador
  Embassy Offices
  China-India Relations
  Consular Service
  Press Service
  Important Notice
Notice on the Latest Requirements for Chinese Visa Application
Notice on the Policy Adjustment of Chinese Visa Issuance and Entry to China
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Notice on Changing of Email Address for Consular Service Enquiry
More>>
  Contact Us
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  Home > About China
Fast Facts
2011-10-12 23:40

Formal name: People's Republic of China (PRC)

Capital: Beijing

Constitution: After the founding of the PRC, four Constitutions have been formulated successively in 1954, 1975, 1978 and 1982. The present Constitution was adopted in 1982 and amended four times, most recently on March 14, 2004.

Top legislative power: The National People's Congress (NPC) and its Standing Committee. Representing the people and all levels of people's congresses in China, the NPC supervises all state-level institutions. Its powers include electing the President of China.

Head of State: President Hu Jintao elected March 15, 2003.

Top administrative body: The State Council, which is the cabinet or chief administrative body of the PRC that includes the heads of all governmental agencies. Headed by Premier Wen Jiabao.

Military: The People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Second Artillery Force. Hu Jintao is chairman of the Central Military Commission of China, the country's top military agency and commander of its armed forces.

National flag: Red flag with five stars.

National emblem: Tiananmen Gatetower under five stars, encircled by ears of grain and with a gear wheel below.

National anthem: March of the Volunteers. Decided upon as the provisional national anthem of the new China on September 27, 1949, at the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the song was officially adopted as the national anthem of the PRC on December 4, 1982, by the NPC.

National Day: Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.

Other national holidays: Spring Festival (the celebration of Chinese New Year, generally between the last 10-day period of January and mid-February) and International Labor Day (May 1). Major holidays in China are occasions for family reunions and traveling. China's two official holidays became "Golden Weeks" each with seven days vacation made possible by working four extra days before the commencement of the holiday and afterwards.

Land size: China has a landmass of 9,600,000 sq km, making it roughly the same area as the continental United States.

Location: In the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. Border countries: Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.

Climate: Extremely diverse; tropical in the south to subarctic in the north.

Geography: Mountains, high plateaus, and deserts in the west; plains, deltas, and hills in the east. The highest mountain in China is the highest mountain in the world: Mount Qomolangma. The mountain towers above all others at 8,848 m or 29,035 feet.

Animal: The giant panda is considered a Chinese national treasure. Just over 1,000 survive in the wild, most of them in Sichuan Province. The giant panda is one of more than 100 species of wild animals found only in China, including three endangered monkey species that are almost as rare as the panda: the black leaf monkey, the Guizhou golden monkey or snub-nosed monkey and the Yunnan golden monkey.

Flower: China does not have an "official" national flower, but the tree peony can be regarded as a national favorite. The tree peony (mudan) received the most votes in an unofficial survey conducted in 1994 in every district in China asking people to select a national flower. Other ornamental plants originating in China include the azalea and rhododendron, camellia, gardenia, hibiscus, chrysanthemum, etc.

Bird: More bird species live in China than any other place in the world. Shaanxi Province's red ibis is also a national treasure. Only some 1,500 of this highly endangered bird species exist. Other cranes found in China include the Siberian white, common, black-necked, sarus, hooded, white-naped, and demoiselle.

Tree: The oldest tree in the world is China's gingko, which first appeared during the Jurassic Age some 160 million years ago.

Population: China is the world's most populous country with a population of 1.37 billion by 2011, one-fifth of the world's total. This figure  includes the Chinese living in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and Taiwan Province.  

Population density: The population density is about 135 people per sq km, roughly four times greater than that of the U.S.

Population ethnicity: 91.51 percent of Chinese people are Han. The non-Han population includes 55 ethnic minorities, of which the major groups are the Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur, Yi, Tujia, Mongolian, and Tibetan.

Population distribution: Most of the population of China lives in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and Pearl River valleys, and the Northeast Plain. In 2000 a "go-west" campaign was launched by the government to help its relatively backward western and central areas catch up with more affluent eastern China.

Religions: The number of religious worshippers in China is estimated at well over 100 million, most of whom follow Buddhism. Other major religions are Daoism, Islam and Christianity in both Catholic and Protestant forms.

Languages: Standard Chinese or Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect, Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, and Hakka dialects, as well as minority languages. In 1958, the First National People's Congress approved, at its Fifth Session, the adoption of the Pinyin (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) for spelling Chinese names and places in Roman letters, but the Pinyin system was not popularly used until the late 1970s. Pinyin is now widely seen in China, and it replaces earlier Romanization spelling systems.

Political parties: The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the country's sole political party in power. Hu Jintao became general secretary of the CPC at its 16th National Congress in November 2002. Founded in July 1921, the CPC today has more than 67 million members. There are eight other parties.

Top advisory body: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC). Representing all ethnic groups and a broad range of political and special interest groups, the CPPCC provides advice on social issues and exercises democratic supervision over the government.

Administrative divisions: China is made up of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao. The 23 provinces are Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; the five autonomous regions are Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet; the four municipalities are Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai and Tianjin.

Currency: Renminbi (RMB)/yuan

Weights and Measures: China uses the metric system in weights and measures, and its earlier system is still widely used in some areas. The following is a conversion table.

 

 Length

 Metric

 Chinese

 English

 1 km 

 2 li 

 0.62 mile

 1.609 km 

 3.218 li 

 1 mile

 1 m  

 3 chi

 3.281 feet

 0.305 m  

 0.915 chi

 1 foot

 Weight

 Metric 

 Chinese

  Imperial

 1 kg  

 2 jin

 2.205 pounds

 0.454 kg 

 0.908 jin 

 1 pound

 Area

 Metric 

 Chinese 

 English

 1 hectare (ha)  

 15 mu

 2.47 acres

 0.067 hectare 

 1 mu 

 0.165 acre

 0.405 hectare 

 6.08 mu 

 1 acre

 Capacity

 Metric  

 Chinese

 English

 1 liter 

 1 sheng 

 0.22 gallon

 4.546 liters  

 4.546 sheng

 1 gallon

Calendar: The PRC uses the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes, but the Chinese lunar calendar is also important in China. The Chinese Lunar New Year-known as Spring Festival today in China-is the biggest holiday in China, and many festivals are held according to the Chinese lunar calendar, the longest chronological record in history dating back to 2600 BC Like the Gregorian calendar, the Chinese Lunar Calendar is a yearly one, but the start of the lunar year is based on the cycles of the moon so that New Year Day can fall anywhere between late January and the middle of February. Each lunar year is associated with one of 12 zodiac animals, and 2005 is the Year of the rooster.

The following are the Chinese Lunar New Year dates 2005 -2016: 

--Rooster       February 9, 2005
--Dog             January 29, 2006
--Boar/Pig      February 18, 2007
--Rat              February 7, 2008 
--Ox               January 26, 2009
--Tiger           February 14, 2010 
--Rabbit         February 3, 2011
--Dragon       January 23, 2012
--Snake         February 10, 2013
--Horse         January 31, 2014
--Sheep        February 19, 2015
--Monkey      February 8, 2016