Mr. President,

Students and Friends,

It is a great pleasure for me to visit the college again. I was here at the same time last year. Compared with that time, the international situation has much changed. The war flame in Iraq not only caught the eyes of the people the world over but also re-ignites their soul-searching as to how lasting peace and universal security can be realized. Now I'd like to take this opportunity to bring you up to date on China's views on international security.

Part I, our views on the international security situation. The recent years have witnessed continuous evolution of world multi-polarization and economic globalization. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day, and people all over the world yearn for lasting peace and universal security. It is true that mankind now enjoys many favorable conditions for a better future, but on the other hand, we also face the hard fact that the world is far from being tranquil. Mankind is confronted with emerging problems, one after another, and we still have a long way to go in the cause of peace and development.

At present, the international security situation is undergoing profound changes. The conno'tation of security has been aug'mented and it is no longer a pure military concern. It has 'permeated politics, economy, finance, science, technology, culture and other areas.

911 has left pro'found impacts on international community. It demonstrates that while traditional security issues such as those triggered by conflicts for territorial, resources and other interests are still far from settled, various non-traditional security problems represented by international terrorism are getting pro'nounced day by day. We are encountered with a new situation where non-traditional threats to security are increasing and interweaved with traditional ones.

Non-traditional security problems add new dimensions and challenges to the international security environment. The most prominent feature of non-traditional security problems lies in this: most of them are trans'national and trans-regional; they endanger the stability of not one or two but many or even all countries. Most worryingly, recent years have seen an 'incremental trend of international terrorism that poses a real threat to international peace. The complication of non-traditional security issues are due to three factors: No. 1, they find their origins in a mix of various clashes--political, economical, ethnic and religious; No. 2, many of them are deeply involved with history and culture; No. 3, poverty, developmental divide and other unjust and unreasonable social phenomena provide catalysts to them. In today's world, security is not a zero-sum game. It becomes a shared concern to an ever-increasing number of parties. Countries have much more in common as far as their security interests are concerned, and, as a result of this, become more and more interdependent. There is a need for an overhaul in our means to achieve security. Military means alone proves inadequate in meeting immense and complicated security challenges. 'In'discriminate resort to force will certainly bring more troubles to the world.

Part II, new security concept is called for. New realities and new challenge call for new thinking. They require countries to go beyond 'stereo'typed mindsets and meet those challenges with concerted efforts. To discern the security issues faced by humanity, to seek more effective ways to achieve lasting peace and universal security, we must command a broader prospect. In our view, without new thinking, security can scarcely be guaranteed. That is why we espouse a new security concept which features mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation.

By mutual trust, we mean that countries should rise above their differing ideologies and social systems, abandon the Cold-War mentality and power-politics mindset, and refrain from misgivings and hostility against each other. Instead, they should go in for frequent dialogues and briefings on their security and defense policies or major actions they are about to take.

By mutual benefit, we mean that a country, in keeping with objective requirements of the unfolding globalization, should respect the security interests of others while pursuing the interests of its own, help create conditions for the better security of others while making itself more secure, thus achieving universal security.

By equality, we mean that every country, big or small, strong or weak, is a member of the international community. Countries should respect each other, treat each other as equals and refrain from interfering in each other's internal affairs, so that international relations will become more demo'cratized.

By cooperation, we mean that countries should resolve their disputes through peaceful negotiations, carry out extensive and deep-going cooperations on their shared security concerns, help eliminate hidden dangers, and prevent the outbreak of wars and conflicts.

The aim of our new security concept is: to enhance mutual trust through dialogue, and to promote common security through cooperation. The international community should reach a broad consensus thereon at first, and then, on this basis, jointly tackle the major security concerns of the day through vigorous dialogue and cooperation.

To enhance the international security environment, we should step up dialogue and reconciliation and facilitate the elimination of hotspots from the surface of our Earth.

Part III, our position on anti-terrorism. China opposes terrorism in all its manifestations. Terrorism endangers lives, dignity and safety of innocent people. China is among the victims of terrorism. The "East Turkistan" separatist forces committed numerous terrorist activities in Chinese territory. They have been trained, armed and funded by international terrorist groups, Al Qaeda in particular, for a long time. The fight against "East Turkistan" separatist forces is part and parcel of international campaign against terrorism. To serve the shared interests of the people of all countries and enhance the common security of all nations, the international community should adopt a concurrent stance rather than double standards in combating terrorism, whichever form it takes, wherever and whenever it appears, and whomever its targets is.

In fighting terrorism, the leading role of the UN and its Security Council must be given full play, and all the actions taken in this field should be in line with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and other established norms of international law. The combat against terrorism calls for conclusive evidence and clear targets so that lives of the innocent can be spared, and arbitrary enlargement of the scope of strike must be avoided. As terrorism is committed by very few extremist elements, we shall in no way confuse it with any specific nation or religion.

To wipe out terrorism, we must address its symptoms as well as its root causes, and combine short-term goals with long-term approaches. Solution to the problem of underdevelopment and reduction of the North-South gap is an imperative to serve this purpose. In view of the pressing situation, the international community should attach greater importance to development.

Anti-terrorism campaign is a contest between peace and violence rather than conflict between nationalities, religions or civilizations. We maintain the recognition of the diversity of the world's civilizations and the respect for differed cultural backgrounds, religious beliefs and development modes of different countries. We stand for the long-term co-existence of different social systems and civilizations, and encourage every one to draw upon the strength of others with a view to realizing common development.

China fully supports and plays an active part in the international Campaign against terrorism. China had acceded to most international treaties in this regard even before 911. China has concluded the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism with other members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It is only one of many illustrations of our efforts made in combating terrorism through strengthened multilateral and regional cooperation.

Since 9/11, China has supported the UN and its Security Council in passing a series of anti-terrorism resolutions and has implemented them in earnest. China has acceded to the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings and signed the International Convention on the Suppression of the Funding of Terrorism,and has carried out consultations and dialogues on counter-terrorism with related countries including India. As the host country, China played an active role in facilitating the issuance of an anti-terrorism statement at the Shanghai APEC Leadership Meeting, and pushed for the convening of an ad hoc meeting of the foreign Ministers of the SCO countries in Beijing as well as the issuance of a statement on counter-terrorism at the meeting. All these actions have testified to China's active approach and firm resolve in supporting international anti-terrorism campaigns.

Part IV, China's security policy. China has consistently pursued an independent foreign policy of peace. It will continue to hold on to its solemn pledge of never seeking hegemony, joining any military bloc or seeking its sphere of influence. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China engages itself in international and regional affairs in a proactive manner, and has made positive contributions to the preservation and promotion of peace and stability in the world.

In dealing with neighboring countries, China persists in establishing and cementing good-neighbourly relationship and partnership with all of them. This is our solemn pledge and we've delivered on it. China enjoys good relations and cooperation with all our neighbours. China has made unremitting efforts to prevent and resolve regional conflicts in the region, and it has dynamically participated in and promoted various multilateral cooperations in Asia.

Based on the new security concept, China's security policy is aimed, first and foremost, at safeguarding its sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, and it is also designed to ensuring a stable international environment and a favourable neighboring environment in the interests of our nation-building. The policy objectives are three fold: first, to help maintain China's own stability and development; secondly, to preserve peace and stability in the region where we live; thirdly, to promote dialogue and cooperation in international security. In addition to safeguarding sovereignty and ensuring a peaceful environment for domestic development, we stress the following elements: peacefulness in foreign policy, defensiveness in military strategy, cooperativeness in international security, and recognition of and respect for the diversity of the world.

It is also in the spirit of the new security concept that China has been pushing hard for the configuration of mechanism for regional security dialogue and cooperation, and endeavoring with other actors in the region for the establishment of an Asia-Pacific security framework geared to dialogue rather than confrontation. We actively promote the streamlining of the SCO. China, Russia and other 4 nations in central Asia have concluded the SCO Charter, an agreement on Counter-terrorism and other important documents. Aside from intensifying security cooperation, the countries are going in for economic cooperation in an incremental manner. This will enable the Organization to become one of the pillars of stability and common development in the region. We have contributed a lot to East Asian regional cooperation, and have helped bring about new breakthroughs in the 10-plus-1 and 10-plus-3 mechanisms. China has signed a framework agreement on all-round economic cooperation and kicked off the process of establishing a free trade area with ASEAN in ten years' time. It is indeed a milestone in East Asian regional cooperation. On political front, China and ASEAN signed theDeclaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea to further stabilize the situation in South China Sea. On the security front, the Joint Declaration on Cooperation in Non-traditional Security Field starts anti-terrorism cooperation between China and ASEAN and expands the scope of cooperation between the two sides.

It is once again in the spirit of the new security concept that China consistently opposes the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and its delivery system. As a signatory country to a series of international non-proliferation treaties such as the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,Biological Weapons Conventionand Chemical Weapons Convention, China is in strict compliance with the obligations under the treaties. It is supportive of and actively involved in the international endeavour to bolster and strengthen the global non-proliferation regime.

Part V, China's view on the Iraq issue. As you all know, China is concerned about the military action taken against Iraq by a few countries led by the US without the mandate of the UN. Now the war has basically come to an end. It is our hope that the United Nations will soon work out a specific plan on the post-war arrangement of Iraq and make full preparations in due course. In addressing the post-war affairs of Iraq, we hold that the political independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq should be respected; the willingness and choice of the Iraqi people should be respected; the rational concerns of the surrounding countries of Iraq and the relevant parties should be respected; and the leading role of the United Nations should be respected.

Part VI, Sino-Indian relations. China and India are both major Asian and developing countries. We hope to see preservation and development of sound and durable relations between China and India. We hope to see enhancement of coordination and cooperation between the two countries in international affairs including security affairs, because its implications for preserving and promoting peace and security in Asia and the world are immeasurable.

The history of interaction between the two nations requires us to build on what our ancestors have done and add new chapters to China-India friendship. As early as in the 1950s, the Chinese leaders made remarks to the effect that to China, India had been a friendly country for centuries, and it would remain to be so. Similar remarks were made by the new Prime Minister of China to the visiting Indian Defense Minister George Fernandes in Beijing, "To the effect that 99.9% of the time in history we lived in peace and friendship, China and India should further strengthen such friendly ties." The new reality we face now requires us to elevate our relationship to a new high.

As the two largest developing countries in the world, China and India have extensive common interests in international political and economic affairs. Both sides favor a multi-polar world. We hold identical or similar positions on many major issues. We can cooperate in a wide range of international affairs. Faced with the arduous task of modernizing our countries and improving the livelihood of our people, we, as two neighbouring countries, need a peaceful and stable surrounding environment. We must live side by side in amity, because it serves our fundamental interests. Our national conditions are similar; both countries are undergoing comprehensive economic reform. This makes it not only possible and but also necessary for us to learn from and draw upon each other's success story in various fields.

Thanks to the joint efforts of both sides, Sino-Indian ties have come back onto the track of sound development in recent years. The two countries have put in place a series of dialogue mechanisms on boundary, security, counter-terrorism and other bilateral issues. These dialogues mechanisms have made much headway, thereby enhancing mutual understanding and trust as well as promoting mutually beneficial cooperation.Recent years have also witnessed a boost in the two-way trade and economic cooperation. Our bilateral trade volume stood at nearly US$5 billion last year. It's a growth of 38% over the previous year. The 1^stquarter figure of our two-way trade again jumped at the same rate. This momentum maintained, the US$-10-billion annual trade volume, envisaged by our two countries, would be only a matter of three years away. At the same time, interaction has been expanded between the parliaments, political parties, scientists, media, scholars and NGOs of the two countries.

As your close neighbour, China hopes to see an India that is strong, developed and prosperous. We share your delight in your great achievements on various fronts; we appreciate your efforts in safeguarding the rights and interests of developing countries and your support to China on international forums related to the legitimate interests of China; and we welcome you to play a greater and more active role in international and regional affairs. As agreed between our two sides, China and India pose no threat to each other, instead, we share important responsibilities for peace and security in Asia as well as in the world. The new realities of the day require us even more to further our friendly cooperation and enhance coordination and cooperation in international affairs. It is both in the interest of the two peoples and conducive to maintaining and promoting peace and security in the region.

Fellow students and friends,

Mankind now lives in the 21^stcentury. We should have enough wisdom and capacity to safeguard our common security, and, on this basis, to propel mankind's progress and development. As a responsible member of the international community, China is willing to, along with other countries, enhance coordination and cooperation in security and other international affairs and make proactive efforts to usher in a world of lasting peace and universal security.

Thanks you.